Depression is quite different from just feeling sad. Sadness is a normal human state. Depression can creep up gradually and can range from mild depression, where there is some impact on your daily life, to severe depression, where normal daily life is virtually impossible.
Difficult events such as bereavement, divorce, physical accidents or illness can trigger a grief reaction. This usually lifts within six months to a year but, in some cases, can progress into depression.
Depression can be caused by a genetic predisposition. If your parents or siblings suffer from depression, you might be at greater risk. It can also be caused by biochemical factors involving serotonin, which can lead to depression occurring without any obvious reasons.
People who have depression tend to have a combination of symptoms including low mood, loss of energy, loss of enjoyment or feeling pleasure, altered appetite, disrupted sleep, poor concentration and motivation, a loss of libido, a negative outlook and in some cases thoughts and ideas of suicide. The features are usually present for a period of at least a fortnight.
Our consultants are highly experienced in diagnosing and treating depression. In the first instance, it may be appropriate for you to talk to your GP. Mild depression may improve by itself and your GP can monitor your progress. Exercise has also been proven to help with depression and there are some self-help treatments available.
Should your depression be moderate to severe, you will usually be referred by your GP or consultant psychiatrist for talking therapy such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. If your depression is severe or has gone on for a long time, the use of medication in the form of anti-depressants may be advised.
Anti-depressants may take several weeks to work and you will need to be regularly monitored. Although anti-depressants are not addictive, you should always talk to your GP or consultant if you are thinking of stopping them. You will need an adequate dosage for an adequate length of time.
While sadness is a normal emotional response to challenging life events, it typically resolves over time. Depression, by contrast, is a persistent mental health condition lasting at least two weeks, often accompanied by changes in mood, energy, sleep, appetite, and overall functioning. If symptoms interfere with daily life, it may be indicative of clinical depression.
Early symptoms may include persistent low mood, fatigue, reduced interest or pleasure in usual activities, difficulty concentrating, changes in sleep or appetite, and feelings of hopelessness. These symptoms can develop gradually and may be overlooked in the early stages.
In some cases, mild depression may improve without formal treatment, particularly when supported by lifestyle changes such as regular physical activity, good sleep hygiene, and social support. However, moderate to severe depression typically requires professional treatment, including psychotherapy, pharmacological intervention, or both.
Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include talking therapies such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), medication such as antidepressants, or a combination of both. A consultant psychiatrist will assess the severity and underlying causes to recommend the most appropriate course of action.
Yes, with timely and appropriate treatment, many individuals recover fully from depression. Early diagnosis, evidence-based interventions, and consistent follow-up care significantly improve long-term outcomes.
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